Nuqayah: Hajj

By Mft. M. Saifur Rahman Nawhami
1 Zul Qa'dah 1436 AH / 17 August 2016 CE

Last Updated: 09-May-2025 Created: 17-August-2016

This is a translation of the Hajj section of Nuqayah which summarises the laws stated in core Hanafi works; Quduri, Wiqayah, Hidayah, and Jami Saghir. Some supplementary laws and explanatory notes have been added from Kanz, Multaqa, Mukhtar and Tuhfah. These additions are placed within brackets [ ] and the references noted in the footnotes accordingly. Sadr al-Shariah al-Asghar in Nuqayah writes:

[(1.1) Hajj1 is to visit

(a) specific places2
(b) during specific times3 ,
(c) doing specific actions4 .]

(1.2.1) [Hajj is] fard upon every person who is

(a) free,
(b) Muslim,
(c) Mukallaf (adult and sane),
(d) medically fit, and
(e) non-blind.

(1.2.2) [For hajj to be fard,] they must have had

(a) expense and travel provisions more than their base needs and familial cost till their return,
(b) safe passage, and
(c) for a woman, a husband or mahram if between her and Makkah there is a distance of three days’ journey.

(1.3.1) Hajj is fard (a) once in a lifetime and (b) without delay.

(1.3.2) The fard is not fulfilled If one enters ihram in the state of being a child but then reaches puberty or (b) a slave but then becomes free. (3) If the ihram is renewed for the fard, it will be valid for the child but not for the slave.

(1.4.1) The fard [acts of Hajj] are

(a) Ihram,
(b) waiting in ‘Arafah, and
(c) Tawaf Ziyarat.

(1.4.2) The wajib [acts of Hajj] are

(a) waiting in Muzdalifah,
(b) Sa’i between Safa and Marwah,
(c) Rami Jimar,
(d) Tawaf Sadr for a visitor.

(1.4.3) [Other than the mentioned fard and wajib], the rest are sunnah and etiquettes.

(1.5.1) The months [of Hajj] are Shawwal, Zul Qa’dah and the ten days of Zul Hijjah.

(1.5.2) It is makruh to enter ihram for [Hajj] before [the months of Hajj].

(1.6.1) Umrah is Sunnah.

(1.6.2) [The fard acts of umrah] are

(a) tawaf and
(b) Sa’i.

(1.6.3) It is permissible [to perform umrah] every year.
(1.6.4) [Umrah] is makruh on the day of Arafah and the four days after it.

2. IHRAM

(2.1.1) The miqat for the people of

(a) Madinah is Zul Hulayfah,
(b) Iraq is Zat ‘Irq,
(c) Sham is Juhfah,
(d) Najd is Qarn, and
(e) Yemen is Yalamlam.

(2.1.2) Afaq is the area outside the miqat].

(a) It is prohibited to delay the ihram beyond [the miqat] for those [coming from the afaq] intending to enter Makkah.
(b) It not [prohibited] to [wear ihram in] advance.

(2.1.3) [The hill is the area between the miqat and the haram].

(a) It is permissible for those who live within [the hill] to enter Makkah without being in the state of ihram5 .
(b) The miqat [of those who live within the hill] is the hill6 .

(2.1.4) The haram is the extended area surrounding the ka’bah. The miqat for those in Makkah (i) for hajj is the haram and (ii) for umrah is the hill.

(2.2.1) Before initiating the Ihram for Hajj, it is preferable to

(a) do wudu though ghusl is better,
(b) wear a clean top and bottom,
(c) put on perfume, and
(d) pray two raka’at of salah.

(2.2.2) A person doing hajj only (mufrid)

(a) will say ‘Allahumma Inni Urid al-Hajja fa Yassirhu li’7 .
(b) Then say (i) the talbiyah and (ii) make the intention for hajj along with [the talbiyah].

(2.2.3) The talbiyah

(a) [wording] is ‘Labbayka Allahumma Labbayk. Labbayka La Sharika Laka Labbayk. Innal Hamda wan Ni’mata Laka wal Mulk. La Shirika Lak’.
(b) cannot be shortened
(c) if it is increased, it is permissible.

(2.2.4) Then [upon making the intention and uttering the talbiyah,] one will be in the state of ihram.

(2.3.1) [In the state of ihram,] refrain from

(a) sexual acts,
(b) transgression8 , and
(c) arguments.

(2.3.2) [In the state of ihram,] refrain from

(a) killing land-based game,
(b) indicating to it or
(c) directing towards it.

(2.3.3) [In the state of ihram,] refrain from

(a) putting on perfume,
(b) cutting the nails,
(c) covering the (i) face or (ii) the head.
(d) washing the (i) head or (ii) beard with althaea,
(e) cutting [the beard],
(f) shaving the head,
(g) wearing (i) stitched clothing, or (ii) a turban, and
(h) [wearing] coloured clothing which is scented except after [the scent] disappears.

(2.3.4) [In the state of ihram,] one need not refrain from

(a) bathing,
(b) seeking shade in a house or howdah, or
(c) tying a belt in between.

(2.4) Increase talbiyah when you

(a) pray salah,
(b) go up a high-rise,
(c) go down a valley,
(d) meet others9 , or
(e) when the night comes.

3. TAWAF

(3.1.1) When one enters Makkah, start from the masjid.

(3.1.2) Upon seeing the house,

(a) say takbir,
(b) [say] tahlil, 10 and
(c) do dua.

(3.2.1) Then [if able to] face the black stone,

(a) say the takbir,
(b) tahlil,
(c) raise both hands as if in salah, and
(d) touch it If possible without harming others or else touch something which is in the hand and kiss it.

(3.2.2) If unable to face the stone,

(a) say takbir,
(b) tahlil,
(c) praise Allah, and
(d) send salutation upon the Prophet (peace be upon him).

(3.3.1) Do tawaf upon arrival and this11 is Sunnah for an afaqi (a person who is not a resident of Makkah).

(3.3.2) Tawaf is to

(a) head right with the door being adjacent [to your left], going towards and around12 the Hatim13 , and
(b) [complete] seven circuits.

(3.3.3) Do raml (strut) in the first three [circuits] with idtiba’ (vis. cloth under the right arm but over the left).

(3.3.4) Each time you go pass the black stone, do as mentioned [paras 3.2].

(3.3.5) [Similarly], to touch the rukn yamani [without kissing it each round] is preferable.

(3.3.6) Finish the tawaf with istilam (touch and kiss) of the black stone.

(3.3.7) Thereafter, pray (a) two raka’ah salah which is wajib after every tawaf (b) behind Maqam Ibrahim.

4. SA’I

(4.1) After [tawaf,] before doing sa’i (a) return and do Istilam of the black stone and (b) then exit.

(4.2.1) [Start from Safa]

(a) climb mount Safa,
(b) face the Qibla,
(c) say the takbir,
(d) tahlil,
(e) send salutation upon the Prophet (peace be upon him),
(f) [then] raise both hands, and
(g) ask for whatever you please.

(4.2.2) Then [from Safa]

(a) walk towards Marwah and
(b) rush between the two green markers.

(4.2.3) [On Marwa,]

(a) Climb [mount Marwa] and
(b) do what you did on Safa (see 4.2.1 ).

(4.2.4) Then walk towards Safa.

(4.2.5) This would be two circuits, continue in this manner for seven [circuits].

5 INDUCTION

(5.1) Thereafter, (1) remain in Makkah in the state of Ihram [for those doing Ifrad (only hajj) or Qiran (Hajj combined with Umrah)]. (2) Do as many optional tawaf as you like.

(5.2) The Imam will give a sermon and teach (a) on the seventh of Zul Hijjah14 , (b) on the ninth [in Arafat], and then (b) on the eleventh in Mina.

(5.3) Leave for Mina on the morning of Yawm Tarwiyah (8^th Zul Hijjah). Remain there until Fajr of Yawm Arafah (9^th Zul Hijjah).

6. ARAFAT

(6.1) Thereafter, (1) leave [from Mina] to Arafat. (2) All of it15 is a mawqif (waiting area) except for Batn ‘Urnah.

(6.2) When Zuhar time starts16 the Imam will give a sermon similar [in the form to the one given on] Friday. (2) He will combine Zuhar and Asar [in one time] with (a) one Azan and (b) two Iqamah17 . (3) The requisites [for combining the salat] are (a) Jama’at and (b) Ihram; (i) it is not permissible to pray Asr [in zuhar time] if one of these two [requisites] are missing.

(6.3) Then (1) go to the mawqif (a) having done a sunnah bath. (2) It is sufficient18 that you be present19 for a moment anytime from zawal (time) on [Yawm] Arafah up to 20 Fajr of Yawm Nahr (10^th Zul Hijjah). (b) [This is irrespective], if you were (i) asleep, (ii) unconscienced, (iii) carried or (iv) unaware that it was the plain of Arafah.

7. MUZDALIFA

(7.1.1) When the sun sets [on the 9^th Zul Hijjah], go to Muzdalifah.

(7.1.2) All of [Muzdalifah] is a mawqif (waiting area) except for Wadi Muhassar.

(7.2.1) Pray Maghrib and Isha in the time of Isha with (a) one Azan and (b) one Iqamah.

(7.2.2) If Maghrib is prayed early, it will be repeated so long as Fajr time has not started.

(7.2.3) [Once the time for Fajr arrives], (a) pray Fajr [early whilst the sky is still] dark, (b) then wait, and (2) do dua.

8. MINA

(8.1) When it becomes bright [in Muzdalifah], go to Mina.

(8.2.1) Do rami of Jamarat al-‘Aqabah from (i) within the valley (ii) with seven pebbles.

(8.2.2) Say takbir with every stone-throw.

(8.2.3) Stop the talbiyah after the first [throw].

(8.3) Then slaughter (i) if you wish [in the case of performing ifrad (hajj only) or (ii) else it is wajib].21

(8.4) Then (i) cut the hair, but (ii) to shave is better [for men].

(8.5) [Thereafter], all restrictions [of ihram] are lifted except for [intimacy with] women22 .

9. TAWAF ZIYARAH

(9.1) Then perform tawaf ziyārah in any of the days from the Ayyām al-Nahr.

(9.2) [Perform] seven circuits23 without raml and sa’i if sa’i had been done previously24 .

(9.3) The earliest time [for tawaf ziyarah] is after Fajr of Yawm al-Nahr.

(9.4) It is best to perform [tawaf ziyarah] on [Yawm Nahr].

(9.5) [After tawaf ziyārah], the restriction against women is lifted25 .

(9.6) If it is delayed beyond the Ayyam al-Nahr, (i) it will be deemed makruh and (ii) dam will be wajib.

10. JAMARAT

(10.1.1) After zawāl of the second day of Yawm Nahr (11^th Zul Hijjah), do rami of all three Jamarāt.

(10.1.2) Start (a) with the [first] Jamarah which is closest to the Masjid,

(10.1.3) then [the second Jamarah] which is next [to the first], and

(10.1.4) then [Jamarah] Aqabah.

(10.1.5) [Pelt each Jamarah] seven times.

(10.1.6) Say takbir with each stone-throw, and

(10.1.7) do dua [between each Jamarah].

(10.2) Then the following day [on the 12^th], do the same [as the rami done of all three jamarāt on the second day (q.v. 10.1)] .

(10.3.1) Thereafter [on the 13^th], do the same [as the rami of the second day (q.v. 10.1)] if you remain [in mina].

(10.3.2) [To remain on the 13^th] is better.

(10.3.3) [The requirement for rami on the 13^th] is dropped by leaving before fajr of the fourth day.

11. TAWAF WIDA'

(11.1) When you leave for Makkah, descend upon Muhassab.

(11.2) Then perform tawaf sadr

(a) with seven circuits,
(b) without (i) ramal or (ii) sa’i.

(11.3) Then [the tawaf wida']

(a) drink Zamzam,
(b) kiss the ‘Atabah,
(c) place the face on Multazam,
(d) cling to the wall [of the Ka’bah],
(e) pray (i) repentantly and (ii) crying, and
(f) leave reluctantly26 until you exit the Masjid.

12. DIFFERENTIATION

(12.1) The [rulings of a] woman is the same as a man except [in the following instances].

(1) She (a) will cover her head (b) but will not cover her face. (c) If she drapes anything over [her face] without [the face], it will be permissible. (2) She will no say talbiyah aloud. (3) She will not do sa’I between the two [green markers]. (4) She (i) will not shave rather (ii) she will cut. (5) She will wear stitched clothing. (6) Her hayd (menstruation) will not restrict [any rites of Hajj] except for tawaf.

(12.2) A person who missed hajj27 , will

(a) do tawaf,
(b) sa’i,
(c) get out of ihram28 , and
(d) [will then do qada in the future.] 29

(12.3.1) [Qiran] is to

(a) intend (initiate ihram) for hajj and umrah (i) from the miqat (ii) combined.
(b) Say, ‘Allahumma Inni Urid al-Umrata wa al-Hajja fa Yassirhuma li’30 .

(12.3.2) [A person performing hajj qirān will] do

(a) tawaf for umrah with (i) seven circuits and (ii) ramal on the first three,
(b) [then] sa’i, and
(c) thereafter, perform hajj as described above (Sect 5).

(12.3.3) [It is wajib upon a person performing] Qiran to

(a) slaughter after rami in Yawm al-Nahr.
(b) If unable [to slaughter],
- (i) fast three days31 with the last [fast] being on Yawm Arafah32 , and
- (ii) seven days after hajj wherever they want.
(c) If unable to complete [the first] three [fasts], dam must be given.33

(12.4.1) [Tamattu’] is better than Ifrad.

(12.4.2) [Tamattu’] is to

(a) intend (initiate ihram) for umrah
(b) from the miqat
(c) within the months of hajj,
[(d) followed by a separate ihram for hajj].

(12.4.3) [A person performing hajj tamattu will] do

(a) tawaf,
(b) sai,
(c) shave or cut [the hair],
(d) stop talbiyah upon starting tawaf, and
(d) then initiate ihram for hajj (i) in Yawm Tarwiyah and (ii) if done earlier it is better.
(e) [Thereafter,] perform hajj like those doing Ifrad (See sect 5).

(12.4.4) It is wajib upon a person performing tamattu’ (a) to slaughter and (b) if unable [to slaughter], fast like a person who performs Qiran.

(12.4.5) In the case that ihram is initiated by steering a hady (a) it is deemed preferable, (b) ihram will not be exited [after umrah] and (c) thereafter, perform hajj as described above (Sect 5)

(12.5) The resident of Makkah will only do Ifrad.

13. COMPENSATION

(13.1) Dam is compulsory, if the person who is in ihram (1) covers an entire34 limb (b) by dousing (i) perfume or [perfumed] oil, (ii) wearing stitched clothing, or (ii) covering their head (c) for an entire daytime [or night time]. (2) [Similarly, if they] shave (i) a quarter of the head or (ii) an entire limb. (3) [Similarly, if they] clip their nails of the (i) hand, (ii) feet or (iii) all of it in one sitting. (4) [Similarly, if they] perform (i) fardtawaf in the state of hadath35 or (ii) [non-fardtawaf] in the state of janabah36 . (5) [Similarly, if they] leave [before sunset from Arafat]37 . (6) [Similarly, if they] abandon a wajib or most of it. (7) [Similarly, if they] advance [a rite of] hajj over another [which was required that it be done first]. (8) [Similarly, if they] delay the fard tawaf beyond the days of Nahr38 . (9) [Similarly, if they], abandon the little amount39 [required in fard tawaf].

(13.2) Give half a sa’ as sadaqah, if you do less than that which was described [in s1], (2) performed non-fard tawaf in the state of hadath, (3) abandoned a little amount40 [required in] wajib, or (4) shaved [or cut] the hair of another.

(13.3) If the dam was compulsory41 due to a [valid] reason, (a) slaughter a sheep in the haram [area], (b) give three sa’ of food as sadaqah to six people who are destitute (miskin) or (c) fast three days.

(13.4.1) Intercourse before the wait in Arafat will invalidate hajj. Continue with [the formalities of] hajj, slaughter an animal and do qada…

(13.4.2) [Intercourse] after [Arafat] will make the [sacrifice of a] large animal42 wajib.

(13.4.3) [Intercourse] after halaq [will make the sacrifice of] a sheep [wajib].

(13.5) Jaza is wajib, if the person who is in ihram, (i) kills a game43 or (ii) directs its killer towards it. (2) Jaza is to compensate with the value of a like for like replacement of that which was killed or (ii) its closest equivalent. (3) Hence with this value a hadi (qv) will be (i) bought and (ii) slaughtered in Makkah, (b) food will be given similar to sadaqat al-fitr or (c) a day fast will be kept for every destitute [that could have been fed]. (d) The excess [which remains]44 , (i) will be given as sadaqah or (ii) a day fast will be kept [for it]. (4) (a) The price for the repair must be paid if it is damaged45 . (b) The price must be paid, if it is irreversibly (i) removed or (ii) [destroyed such as if] an egg is broken.

(13.6) Similarly, [the price must be paid as sadaqah]46 , if a person who is halal, (a) (i) slaughters or (ii) milks a game belonging to the Haram or (b) cuts its natural plants or (ii) trees.47 [Wild] plants will not be pasteurised and nothing of it will be cut (i) except for weeds.

(13.7) Sadaqah even if it is a little48 [is wajib] due to (a) killing of a (i) lice49 or (ii) locust.

(13.8) (1) Nothing needs to be given due to (a) killing a (i) crow, (ii) kite, (iv) scorpion, (iv) snake, (v) mouse, (vi) rabid dog, (vii) mosquito, (viii) flea, (ix) tick, (j) turtle or (k) large predator. (2) It is permissible to slaughter a domestic animal. (2) Eat that which a person who was halal (i) hunted and (ii) slaughtered without the direction or command of a person in ihram.

1Hajj literally means a grand intention. Technically, it is to visit a specific location, doing specific actions.
2The primary place in the days of Hajj is Arafah. However, one must also visit Makkah, Mina, and Muzdalifah.
3The months of hajj are Shawwal, Zul Qa’dah and Zul Hijjah. The days of hajj are the 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th and the 13th of Zul Hijjah. The primary time of hajj is from Zuhar of the 9th to the 10th.
4Namely, Ihram, Tawaf, Sa’i, Wuquf Mina, Wuquf Arafah, Wuquf Muzdalifah, Rami, and Halaq.
5This is so long as they do not intend to do hajj or umrah.
6The area between miqat and the haram
7Trans: O Allah, I am intending to do hajj so make it easy for me.
8Any act which breaks the law set in the shariah
9The text of Nuqayah states, ‘a rider’ rather than others. However, the ruling is the same even if one meets a walker.
10Say Bismillahi wallahu akbar wa lillahil hamd
11Tawaf ziyarah is fard according to all; here it is only in reference to person who has just arrived in Makkah.
12Not through it.
13The semicircle arch on the northern part of the Ka’bah.
14It will be delivered after Zuhar. The Imam in this khutbah will not sit in between as is usual the practice in Jumu’a and Eid. The subject matter will primarily relate to Mina and Arafat viz. when to leave for Mina and Arafah, how to pray salah in Arafah, remain therein and when to exit.
15The Arafat area. The centre point is Jabal Rahmat but the entire surrounding area is also classified as part of Arafat
16Literally, when the sun subsides
17One Iqamat for Zuhar and one Iqamat for Asar
18This is in terms of their fard being fulfilled.
19So long as they are in the state of ihram
20but not including
21If the person is performing Hajj Ifrad. It is wajib for those who are performing tamattu’ or qiran to sacrifice an animal or that which is deemed its equivalent.
22Intercourse with whom they are ordinarily allowed. Men must refrain from women and vice versa. Any actions which usually leads to intercourse must also be avoided.
23The first four is fard and the remaining three is wajib.
24Raml and Sa’i will be done if Sa’i was previously not done.
25So long as they have got out of their ihram already as is done usually through qasar or halaq.
26Looking back and forth.
27This will occur for a person who missed or was unable to go to Arafah before Fajr of the 10^th.
28Either by cutting the hair or shaving it.
29There is no dam upon him according to us.
30Trans: O Allah, I am intending to do umrah and hajj so make it easy for me.
31It is best if is done continuously but it is not necessary.
32The fast can be any time after the ihram for umrah has been initiated. According to Imam Shafi’i it must be after umrah is completed. The last day is the 9^th. The best days of keeping the fast is the 7^th, 8^th and the 9^th.
33Fasting will not be permissible as a form of compensation.
34More than a quarter of a limb is treated as if the entire limb was covered. See Idhah al-Manasik.
35In need of ghusl or wudhu
36In need of ghusl.
37The text in Nuqayah states ‘leaves before the Imam’. The Imam is not permitted to leave before sunset. One may leave after the sunset irrespective if the Imam has left or not.
38According the Ahnaf it is the 10^th, 11^th and 12^th.
39That is three circuits.
40Such as to abandon three circuits of tawaf or sa’i. Examples also include if one abandons three pelts of the seven when performing wajib stoning of the Jamarat. Like to abandon any one of the pillars in days when jamarat is wajib after the tenth.
41The text of Nuqayah states, ‘if the limb was perfumed or shaved’.
42A badanah is a large animal such as a camel or a cow.
43Any animal hunted for sport or food.
44The value of which would be less than half a sa’.
45The damage is repairable but it has left a permanent mark or scarred.
46In this case fasting is not permitted as a form of compensation.
47If it is the property of an individual, the person will need to be paid and the same amount will be given is sadaqah. If the plant is grown in a pot or it is hardwood; no charity needs to be given in sadaqah.
48Such as a handful of food or a piece of bread.
49If it is a lot of lice (technically or more), give half a sa’ in sadaqah.